Where I Rest My Head Essay -- Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

This is the area where I rest my head. Im not giving in to name this home because home is where the heart is. I live in the court district of chain reactortown Los Angeles. With the influx of the Yuppies, however, it is now called the historic core, We are standing on the corner of Sixth and Broadway. On the south side of the street heading east there are only two office buildings, yet there are many shops. The first is a jewelry shop. Walking past, we find two clothing shops that sell inexpensive womens clothing. There is a nearby market owned by a brother and child from Iran Ben and Miriam. When I do purchase there, I often haggle with Ben and he will come down on the price of the item in question. Im more acquainted with Ben than his sister since he, like me, is something of a jokester. Besides, he is much more honest than his younger sister who is so shrewd she would snatch the nickels from a dead mans eyesLeaving the market we pass a gated alleyway and a little hole-in-the -wall of a store owned by a Korean family. I normally purchase breath mints and gum there, but that is all. They sell little knick knacks and odds and ends, but their main(prenominal) source of income is alcohol--they sell enough to get a small country drunk.Five more paces and we are at the lobby entrance of a residential building where I have lived since my parole, but that is another essay. As we pass the lobby we come to the Alta Med Health Center, manned by an extremely helpful and slightly woman named Rosa. When I have the time, I drop by to shoot the breeze and trade jokes and anecdotes with her. Right next to the health center is a horseshoe store owned by an aged Chinese couple, still trying to hold on to their long gone youth. Both dress fashionably y... ...r refurbished goods. arriver the corner there is a coffee shop, owned by an old Korean woman. When I began my first semester at LATTC I would stop there and bewitch a cup of Joe. After a few weeks of seeing me on a constant basis, she began to question my coming and going. I explained to her, I am a student. To which she replied (in broken English), You good boy. Being diplomatic, I attempted to explain the politics of referring to a grown black man as boy. either not understanding or not caring, she chose to continue to refer to me as boy, so I stopped patronizing her shop.This ends our tour through Hell. Its funny. I var. of like this area because it reminds me of New York, but it lacks that savoir-faire. Its more like New York meets the third world, or what would have happened had the Spanish, and not the English, taken New capital of The Netherlands from the Dutch.

Appalachian Poverty Essay -- Poverty in America

Appalachian PovertyPoverty is a global problem, and it has existed from the beginningof civilization. Hunger, homelessness, and lack of health c are are majoraspects of this orbit-wide dilemma. Many countries are in complete penury and a majority are tercet-world countries. Within the United States of America, a land ofplenty, there are also pockets of extreme poverty. Governments virtu solelyy theworld are trying to solve this huge problem. one-third world poverty andAppalachian poverty, which occurred in the United States of America, rushdeveloped for various reasons, and these situations have led to a greatdeal of problems.Throughout the world, poverty has plagued all countries. In smaller,under-developed countries many volume die from starvation. These countriescan not afford to livelihood their citizens. Due to their financial problems,the people lack proper shelter and clothing to keep themselves warm duringcold months. Since they lack adequate shelter and clothing, dis eases occurall over. These diseases develop a lot easier with poor nutrition. Onceagain with more financial problems, health care is limited to none.Lawrence Senesh, the contributor of "Poverty as a Social Problem" fromWorld Book, says poverty is usually caused by the difficulty in holding andeven getting a job(650). Ability, education, and skills help determine the lovely of job an individual gets (650). Horten 2Everyone does not have the same physical abilities and mental abilities.Poor health and abilities prevent some people from holding a job. Throughscience people have been able to hold onto jobs a lot easier (650). It hasincreased the need for professional workers and debaseed the demand for theunskilled (650). So, the people with higher education will get paid ahigher income, and people with lower education will get paid a lowerincome. Changes in economic slumps can often bring poverty. Whenbusinesses drop off and production declines people lose jobs withoutwarning (650). Poverty is also caused by genial conditions, such as racialdiscrimination (Blacks, Asians, and Mexicans) (650). Whites are usuallythe ones who do the discriminating (650). There are a variety of third-world countries in the world. A thirdworld country is a country that is economically depressed and continues togrieve. Examples of third wor... ...achia." U.S. News and World Report 6 May 1996 62-63.Ralston, Jeannie. "Bark grinders and fly minders assure a tale ofAppalachia." SmithsonianFebruary 1996 44-53.Ralston, Jeannie. "In the Heart of Appalachia." National GeographicFebruary 1993 112.Senesh Lawerence. "Poverty as a Social Problem." World Book 1977 650-650a.Winerip, Michael. "Whats a nice Jewish lawyer like John Rosenberg doing inAppalachia?" New York Times Magazine 29 June 1997 25-27.iiAppalachian PovertyThesis statement Third world poverty and Appalachian poverty, whichoccurred in the United States of America, have come about forvar ious reasons, and these situations have led to a great deal ofproblems.I. World-Wide povertyA. Third world poverty1. Lack of Social Security2. Lack of nutrition3. Lack of financial stabilityB. First world poverty1. New York 2. western United States VirginiaII. United States of America povertyA. Cause of poverty1. Unemployment2. Racial dicriminationB. Effects of poverty1. National shameiii2. More poverty C. Resolution to poverty1. Improve education2. Improve technology

adult brain :: essays research papers

The study of emotion was once relegated to the backwaters of neuroscience, a testament to the popular conception that what we feel exists outside our passs, acting only to trespass on normal thought. The science has changed Emotion is now considered integral to our over-all mental health. In mapping our emotions, scientists have found that our delirious mastermind overlays our thinking brain The two exist forever intertwined.      There is a critical interplay between reason and emotion. We are well aware of how brain malfunctions can cause pain, depression, and emotional paralysis. We must also understand that the brain affects positive emotional responses such as laughter, excitement, happiness, and love. Scientists have been able to pinpoint the section of the brain that causes laughter.     Some clues for the physiological basis of laughter have come from people who suffered brain injuries, strokes or neurological diseases. C.B., a la ndscaper in Iowa, is one of them. Three years ago, at the age of 48, C.B. suffered a stroke. Fortunately, he recovered quite well and was expected to return to his normal life. However, since the stroke, C.B. and those around him, have been perplexed by certain changes in his behavior. Though he seems healthy, and doesnt suffer any pain, occasionally, for no noticeable reason, he bursts out into uncontrollable, wild laughter. In other qualitys, out of the blue, he is swept into disunite in a similar attack.     C.B. has joined a long list of clinical cases that are described in medical literature as morbid laughter and crying (PLC). All of these patients suffer from brain damage that has destroyed or impaired small areas in their brains. Usually, the lesions are no bigger than a few cubic millimeters. However, since the lesions do not always occur exactly in the same spot in the brain, it is hard to determine based on these cases, which brain areas are in char ge of laughter. Nevertheless, PLC suggests an interesting linkage the same tiny lesion can cause both laughter and crying. That means that the same brain regions are involved in both laughter and crying. But most surprisingly, these laughter and crying are not associated with mirth or sadness. PLC patients suffer from " automatic laughter". The pleasant feelings, happiness, amusement or joy that usually accompanies laughter are absent. Patients like C.B. often even suffer anxiety and fear with their laughter.      The case of a French woman who suffered from Parkinsons disease sheds more light on the association between laughter, crying and emotions.

The Significance of Brown v. Board of Education Essay -- Case Review

In 1954, the Supreme coquet of the United States was confronted with the controversial Brown v. Board of Education case that challenged segregation in globe education. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark Supreme beg case because it called into question the morality and legality of racial segregation in human beings schools, a long-standing tradition in the Jim Crow South, and threatened to have monumental and everlasting implications for blacks and whites in America. In 1951, Oliver L. Brown, his wife Darlene, and eleven some other African American parents filed a class-action lawsuit against the Board of Education of Topeka on behalf of their twenty children for denying colored children the right to attend segregated white schools and sought to change the form _or_ system of government of racial segregation in the school district. The plaintiffs had been working closely with the leadership of the local Topeka NAACP to overturn segregation in public schools. In the gli tter of 1951, the parents tried to enroll their children in the neighborhood school nearest to their home, but they were denied enrollment in the white schools and told to attend segregated black schools. The District lawcourt acknowledged that segregation in public education had a harmful effect on black children, but denied the need to desegregate schools because the physical facilities and other tangible factors in Topeka, Kansas were all equal (Brown v. Board of Ed, 366). The District Court ruled according to the precedent established in Plessy v. Ferguson by the Supreme Court in 1896 and upheld state laws permitting, or requiring, segregation in public education. African Americans were inspired to defy laws discriminating against colored people and engage in unprovocative actions by the ev... ...ricans hope that they would be free from discrimination and given equal opportunity in all aspects of their lives. The Brown v. Board of Education case is oft noted for initiating r acial integration and launching the civil rights movement. Works CitedHoffman, Elizabeth Cobbs, Edward J. Blum, and Jon Gjerde, 3rd eds. Major Problems inAmerican History Volume II Since 1865. Boston Wadsworth, 2012. Print. Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. 4. Roosevelt Identifies the quaternary Freedoms at Stake in theWar, 1941. Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 271-73.United Nations. 1. The United Nations Approves a Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1948. Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 363-65. United States Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483-496 (1954).2. The Supreme Court Rules on Brown v. Board of Education, 1954. Hoffman, Blum,and Gjerde 365-66.

Air Pressure effects the Speed of Falling objects :: essays research papers fc

ResearchAn object that is falling through the atmosphere is subjected to two impertinent forces. The commencement ceremony force is the gravitational force, expressed as the weight of the object. The weight equation which is weight (W) = mass (M) x gravitational acceleration (A) which is 9.8 meters per strong second on the surface of the earth. The gravitational acceleration decreases with the square of the distance from the center of the earth. If the object were falling in a vacuum, this would be the only force acting on the object. But in the atmosphere, the motion of a falling object is opposed by the air resistance or line. The drag equation tells us that drag is equal to a coefficient times one half the air density (R) times the velocity (V) squared times a reference area on which the drag coefficient is based.The motion of a falling object can be described by Newtons second law of motion, Force = mass x acceleration. Do a little algebra and solve for the acceleration of t he object in terms of the net external force and the mass of the object (acceleration = Force / mass). The net external force is equal to the difference between the weight and the drag forces (Force = Weight - Drag). The acceleration of the object then becomes acceleration = (Weight - Drag) / mass. The drag force depends on the square of the velocity. So as the body accelerates, its velocity (and the drag) will increase. It will reach a point where the drag is exactly equal to the weight. When drag is equal to weight, at that place is no net external force on the object, and the acceleration will become equal to zero. The object will then fall at a constant velocity as described by Newtons first law of motion. The constant velocity is called the terminal velocity.What is aerodynamics? The word comes from two Greek row aerios concerning the air, and dynamis, meaning powerful. Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air. Humans have been i nterested in aerodynamics and flying for thousands of years, although flying in a heavy machine has been possible only in the last hundred years. Aerodynamics affects the motion of a large airliner, a model rocket, a beach hunk thrown near the shore, or a kite flying high overhead. The hoist ball thrown by big league baseball pitchers gets its curve from aerodynamics.

Peter I (The Great) Essay -- essays research papers fc

rotating shaft I, was born to Alexis Romanov and his second wife Natalia Naryshkina. Peter grew up in a turbulent period of Russian history. His fathers early death at the age of thirty-one left a bitter skin for power between the family of Alexiss first wifes family, the Miloslavskaias, and Peters family. A brief period of reign by Peters half brother Fedor (1676-1682) was followed by his half sister Sofia assuming control of Russia as regent from 1682-1689. During this time Peter and his half brother, Ivan V, waited as co-Czars until they came of age.Meanwhile Peter spent many of his formative years in the country estate of Preobrazhenskoe, just outside of Moscow. It was here that Peter fostered his love of warfare, and had his first contact with Westerners. or else than being educated in the traditional manner, Peter was allowed to play war games. From an assortment of commoners, courtiers, and foreigners Peter formed two regiments, the Preobrazhenskii and Semenovskii, which h e outfitted with real munition and drilled into what would later become his imperial guard. Also during this time, Peter developed two other passions. The first was sailing, which he first came in contact with by discovering an old English sailboat. The second was the love of all things Western, which came from his frequent visits to the nearby foreign quarter of Moscow.By 1689 Peter had grown to the towering height of sextette feet seven inches, and was armed with a quick mind and boundless ambition. At...

Child Poverty Essay

Child poverty is one of the major problems today. s basintness can affect anyone but children are most affected. Poverty in children has become big social problem. Poverty is not having abundant for needs. Not having enough can bring many concerns. Poverty is long long-lived effect and can leave permanent mark on Childs behavior. Poverty can impact childrens performance in school and poverty can bring many health issues. Many children are born in poor family where their family members lack at providing enough for their children. Many children in poor family obtain from hunger and not having enough nutrition.As mansion in Gregorys essay shame Richard was not able to focus in school because he was suffering from hunger, and teacher thought he was not smart and they never bother to find out, but the truth was he was just hungry because he was poor and wasent able to provide enough food. Poverty can also cause huge impact on Childs performance. While parents are busy nerve-wracking to make living they cannot provide enough motivational help to their children while some children have to go to work instead of study because lack of bills in family.In the essay shame Gregory describes how Richard had to work hard and polish shoes to make little amount of money. Early labor and not having enough help in their academic progress impact on childrens growth and development of child. Withought proper education child lacks at proper reasonableness of our society. Poverty also brings many health concerns in children. Because of parents cannot provide enough material. Many children born in poor family are often exposed to miner diseases that may prove fatal.In some poor family where parents always drinking problem, children always learn from their parents and adopt their aggressive behavior, drinking problem or medicate abuse. These can also lead in fatal health issue in children. Parents always seem to forget what we do. They do. In the essay shame Gregory duologue about how Richard did not learn about hate and shame until he went to school. Poverty is one of the most evil situations we have in our society. And it can diversify our childrens entire personality and affect our neighborhood and future. we have to work together to ensure bright and healthy future.

Laramie Project

The fact that they were decline on Action. A case that literally the instauration was watching, I would only Imagine that they would not want to be a part of the process that could condemn or free the two who killed an Icon of the crystalize community. 29. Someone can only contain their guilt over doing something for so long. Henderson probably was at his Max. Taking the life of someone causes a lot of psychological and emotional stress to the one who does It, and Henderson probably finally met his wits end. 30. He is excommunicated. Though his home teacher does not desert him entirely. 31 .They arent affected, hey remain rigid that homosexuality is a sin. But after his comment of them remaining uncaring as he played a murderer onstage, they see the difference. 32. After the incident, hitherto Debasers ideals change. Believing that no one in America should live in fear, as no one has the right to live in fear in America. Due to his standing as an officer of the law, seeing the t error of the people who he swore to protect made him see the horror of fear that they lived in on a daily basis. 33. Personally I dont think the death penalty would be the correct means to act.An eye or an eye makes the world blind, and this would only cause what Sheppard martyred for to be destroyed. 34. Kind of sort of. She seems very nonchalant even after the trial, so I dont really know. And I dont know, no one besides himself, Sheppard, and Henderson knows what really happened that night so I cant come up with a conclusive answer to that. 35. Kind of. It seems more of a curse/burden whence a gift In my opinion. Condemning him to suffer for the loss of his son seems kind of harsh but thats not in my opinion to say so. So I dont know whether or not to agree with this. 36.

Vershire Company

Though Vershire Company does not have explicit problems, it has a piece of weaknesses in its systems. First is in the style of their budget preparation. Their sales budget preparation had little flexibility when it was already approved before the start of the socio-economic class and were already fixed objectives. This kind of system has an advantage of pushing its managers to strive and meet the objective budgets.However, it is a disadvantage when there are unforeseen relevant costs that are inevitable and must be incurred during the year since there is a meticulous process in covering these costs, which also requires an explanation to the bosses wherefore the budgets have not been met. Second is how the company treats its Plant/Manufacturing subdivision organism a Profit Center. This department only accomplishes orders that the Sales Department dictate, manufacturing the musical note products at the lowest reasonable cost possible considering the nature of the competitive ind ustry.However, their performance is evaluated through the profits that the department generates via its cost standards and cost reduction targets which is determined by the Industrial Engineering department. The assignment of the department as a cost center may be inconsistent with its objectives since the department itself is not the one find out the price and selling the products. Third is how the performance of the plant managers are evaluated. Since the Plant Department is treated as a profit center, the plant managers promotion and wages is based on their profit performance.There passel be a misalignment in the objectives in this setup because while the plant managers strive to put stack the cost to achieve higher profits given the price set, they may sacrifice quality by choosing the lowest cost of materials or labor for production. In essence, the cost can be varied based on the price. Moreover, the performance of the plants are compared to each other regardless of their differences in their production. This is an inappropriate method of likeness and evaluation since one cannot totally compare plants with different objectives and environment operating in because there is no basis or a standard performance.Options and testimonial Vershire Company can revise its budgeting system to an Incremental Budgeting System wherein an initial estimated budget is presented at the start of the year and can be flexible replete to accommodate changes within the year if necessary. Another option is to continue on the current budgeting system, however make necessary adjustments such as providing allocation or an allowance for contingency costs and allowing proposals for changes in the budgets for the next period to be presented during regular performance reports/reviews.This is a better option since it will still activate the managers to adhere to the budget while allowing for some flexibility for unforeseen changes in the budget. Another action that Vershire Comp any could take is changing how the Plant Department is treated, from being a Profit Center to an Expense Center to more appropriately match its objectives in lowering the companys expenses as the product quality allows. Measurement of performance is not anymore how much profit the plant generates but how fast it manufactures the products, how low the cost of the materials and labor are, and the quality of its products.Treating the Plant Department as an Expense Center can give way to the Sales Department to be treated as a Profit Center wherein they can price the product in accordance to the costs set by the plant. Incentives along with this are the promotion and compensation of the sales managers tied with their profit performance. such can align each department in its appropriate objectives and will be motivated to achieve it, having their goals congruent to that of the companys.

The thrust of the Computer Security Plan

The thrust of the Computer Security Plan part of the Business Plan is to batten down that the study systems to be deployed by the follow will be in line with of the strategic mission and vision of the connection. In order to insure that the teaching technology infrastructure and resources will meet the requisite requirements of every strategic, tactical and operational plan, the company decided to start on the right footing by adapting the standards contained in the ISO/IEC 177992005 or specifically known as the Information Technology Security Techniques Code of Practice for Information Security Management. By purchasing the ISO 17799 Toolkit, the company give the gate follow the roadmap for a more secure information systems environment, implement the policies contained in the toolkit, and eventually obtain ISO 17799 certification to add more value to the consulting business.Specifically, the company will initially address the following areas that require immediate attention1 .User authentication methods and policies This will be based on Section 11.1.1 of ISO 17799 wherein, An access arrest insurance policy should be established, documented, and reviewed based on business and security requirements for access. Access control rules and rights for each social functionr or group of users should be clearly tell in an access control policy. Access controls are both logical and physical and these should be considered together. Users and service providers should be given a clear literary argument of the business requirements to be met by access controls.2.Desktop policies This will be based on Sections 11.3.2 Unattended user equipment and 11.3.3 Clear desk and clear screen policy wherein, Users should check up on that unattended equipment has appropriate protection. All users should be made aware of the security requirements and procedures for protecting unattended equipment, as well as their responsibilities for implementing such protection. Users shou ld be counsel to terminate active academic sessions when finished, unless they burn be secured by an appropriate locking mechanism, e.g. a password protected screen saver log-off mainframe figurers, servers, and office PCs when the session is finished secure PCs or terminals from unauthorized use by a key lock or an equivalent control. A clear desk policy for cover and removable storage media and a clear screen policy for information processing facilities should be adopted.3.Remote user authentication methods and policies This will be based on Section 11.4.2 User authentication for external users of ISO 17799 wherein, Appropriate authentication methods should be used to control access by remote users. Authentication of remote users can be achieved using, for example, a cryptographic based technique, hardware tokens, or a challenge/response protocol. Possible implementations of such techniques can be found in various virtual private network (VPN) solutions. Dedicated private lin es can also be used to provide assurance of the source of connections. Dial-back procedures and controls, e.g. using dial-back modems, can provide protection against unauthorized and unwanted connections to an organizations information processing facilities. This type of control authenticates users trying to establish a connection to an organizations network from remote locations.4.Password policy This will be based on Section 11.3.1 Password use of ISO 17799 wherein, Users should be required to follow good security practices in the selection and use of passwords. All users should be advised to keep passwords confidential cancel keeping a paper or software record of passwords, unless this can be stored unwaveringly and the method of storing has been approved change passwords whenever there is any indication of possible system or password compromise select quality passwords with sufficient stripped-down length which are easy to remember not based on anything somebody else could ea sily guess or obtain using person associate information not vulnerable to dictionary attacks free of consecutive identical, all-numeric or all-alphabetic characters change passwords at regular intervals or based on the number of accesses, and avoid re-using or cycling old passwords change temporary passwords at the first log-on not include passwords in any automated log-on process, not use the aforesaid(prenominal) password for business and non-business purposes.5.Communication process for email, secure file exchange via email This will be based on Section 10.1.1 Documented operating procedures of ISO 17799 wherein, in operation(p) procedures should be documented, maintained, and made available to all users who need them. Documented procedures should be prepared for system activities associated with information processing and communication facilities, such as computer start-up and close-down procedures, backup, equipment maintenance, media handling, computer room and mail handli ng management, and safety. Operating procedures, and the documented procedures for system activities, should be treated as formal documents and changes authorized by management. Where technically feasible, information systems should be managed consistently, using the same procedures, tools, and utilities.To further manage the information technology infrastructure and resources, the plan calls for the adoption of the best-of-breed approach by way of making authentic that the building blocks of information security (Shaurette 2002) are fully exploited. These building blocks include the optimum use of security policies, authentication, access control, anti-virus/content filtering systems, virtual private networking (VPN)/ encoding methodologies, vulnerability services consulting, intrusion protection system, and public key infrastructure (PKI)/certification authorities (CA)/digital signatures systems. This is considered to be the first step towards finding a technique for modeling and evaluating the security of a system (Stjerneby 2002).

Admissibility of FMRI

Functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, is a technique for measuring brain activity. It works by spying the changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur in response to neural activity when a brain ara is more active it consumes more oxygen and to meet this increased demand blood flow increases to the active area. fMRI do- nonhing be used to produce activation maps showing which parts of the brain are involved in a particular mental process (FMRIB Center).This is how it works oxygen is delivered to neurons by haemoglobin in capillary red blood cells. When nervous activity increases t present is an increased demand for oxygen and the local response is an increase in blood flow to regions of increased neural activity.Haemoglobin is diamagnetic when oxygenated only if paramagnetic when deoxygenated. This difference in magnetic properties leads to small differences in the MR signal of blood depending on the degree of oxygenation.Since blood oxygenation varies accordi ng to the levels of neural activity these differences target be used to detect brain activity. This form of MRI is known as blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging (id).It is claimed that through this process, FMRI can be used as a duplicity sensing element test. The motion now arises that should the FMRI be used as a lie detector test, willing the results be admissible in indorse in our courts of law in light of the Daubert ruling? This paper will try to answer this question by examen FMRI against the four questions set up by the ultimate Court in the said decision.Is FMRI a testable technique?The Supreme Court, in discussing how evidence should pass this test, the judge must ascertain whether the reasoning or systemology cardinal the testimony is scientifically valid and of whether that reasoning or methodology properly can be applied to the facts in issue.A key question to be answered in determining whether a theory or technique is scientific knowledge that wil l assist the trier of fact will be whether it can be(and has been) time-tested (92-102). The main concern of the Supreme Court here is the reliability of the technique and reduction of falsifiability.FMRI is one of the most recently developed forms of neuroimaging that the idea underpinning the technique inferring brain activity by measuring changes in blood flow is non new (FMRIB Center). The technique, however, is relatively new.FMRI still has non gained acceptance as a reliable method of lie detection to tack the polygraph. Recent studies only indicate that FMRI may be more reliable than the polygraph but FMRI is yet to attain its full potential.Dr. Faro, in canvass FMRI admits that because the polygraph test, while improved over the last 10 to 15 years, is non as accurate as it needs to be, a better method for detecting deception clearly needs to be developed (Orenstein 30).He add that he is convinced that FMRI used with or without polygraph will someday be the new gol d standard (id). The scientists remain hopeful the FMRI will someday be the standard. But as of today, its acceptability as a lie detection test is still on a thin balance. In short, FMRI has not yet been fully tested so as to be acceptable as a lie detection method.Despite this, it is noteworthy that FMRI lie detection centers reach already been set up in the unite States. They are No Lie MRI, Incorporated and Cephos Corporation. This shows that FMRI is gaining ground as a stand alone test for lie detection and not exactly merely as a supplement to the polygraph.Has FMRI been peer reviewed?The concern of the Supreme Court in including this test is to make sure that the theory or technique has been subjected to scrutiny by the science community because it is only then(prenominal) that the substantive flaws of the methodology can be revealed.Without effort, FMRI will pass this test. FMRI has been subjected to tests and retests by a lot of scientists to verify its efficiency and e ffectiveness. In fact the University of Oxford established its own FMRIB Center to study it as a field of discipline.As mentioned earlier, Dr. Faro already tested whether it can replace the polygraph or not. And lastly, there are also plenty of studies on FMRI being conducted as of this importee because it has inspired normal interest in the science community. The abstracts of these studies can be viewed in the internet.Does FMRI subscribe to a known error rate or standard haughty it operation?The error rate of FMRI has not yet been established because as mentioned earlier, it is a recent development in nueroimaging and still has not been tested thoroughly. However, Dr. Faro ordinates that subjects would demand to lie perfectly for them to beat the FMRI (Orenstein, id).He says that FMRI would be much harder to beat than polygraph because it measures a primary cognitive response that begins within the tardily structures of the brain.Lying involves coordinating complex activati ons in many different parts of the brain that relate to awareness, understanding, inhibition, and emotion.One way of arguing the admissibility of the FMRI according to this test is to argue how polygraphs are admissible in courts. According to the American Polygraph Association, polygraph results are admissible in some federal circuits and states (Orenstein, id).And this is so even though the polygraph is only 85% to 90% accurate when the subjects are being deceptive and only 70% to 75% accurate when subjects are being truthful. If polygraphs are admissible in court, then FMRI should also be admissible considering that the latter is more accurate than the former.However, there is a great cloud over the admissibility of the FMRI when the procedure of conducting it is considered. Subjects participating in a fMRI experiment are asked to lie still and are usually restrained with soft pads to prevent small motions from disturbing measurements.It is possible to sink for some amount of he ad movement with post-processing of the data, but Brobdingnagian transient motion can render these attempts futile. Generally motion in excess of 3 millimeters will result in unusable data.Thus, a very accurate data is hard to obtain from FMRI. A movement of only 3 millimeters will already render the data useless. Considering that the shortest time needed to conduct an FMRI is 15 minutes, it is easy to conclude that an FMRI is hardly accurate.Of course, this can be intercommunicate by utilizing mechanisms to reduce movements. And the FMRI centers should have already addressed this problem. But standing as it is, this fact hurtles doubt on the admissibility of FMRI because of the possible large inaccurcies of the data gathered during testing.There is also a concern on the reliability of the FMRI with regard to complex lies. Complex lies are half truths and sometimes rhetorical answers to the standard questions asked during an FMRI school term. They are answers which have shades o f truth or just an answer with a misperception about a question. This area of FMRI still has not been studied thoroughly making it less reliable as a method of lie detection.Is the underlying science generally accepted?Yes, the underlying science behind FMRI is generally accepted. As mentioned earlier, the idea underpinning the technique (FMRI) inferring brain activity by measuring changes in blood flow is not new. The study of FMRI draws from physics, psychology, neuroanatomy, statistics and electrophysiology, all of which are generally accepted fields of discipline. Thus, under this test, FMRI is admissible in evidence.ConclusionIn conclusion, FMRI is not admissible in evidence when tested against the Daubert standards. First of all, it still has not been thoroughly tested as a science. The method of conducting has not yet been perfected by the testing centers. These two factors accounts for somewhat doubtful results and may seem not convincing before the eyes of the courts.In f act, criticisms as to the trueness of the data gathered during FMRI have always been the the biggest factors in sustaining its non-acceptability. Issues raised(a) such as there are non-neural influences in the change of magnetic fields in the blood vessels have been raised and these have not been specifically addressed by the current studies on FMRI.It has also been raised that FMRI only measures the secondary physiological correlates of neural activity, it is not a direct measure. This means it is not a truly quantitative measure of mental activity when comparing the FMRI response between individuals it is insurmountable to say whether the differences are neural or physiological in origin (FMRIB Center).These are the scientific arguments against the FMRI. Of course, there are also ethical arguments against its use but they will not be discussed in this paper for being irrelevant.One argument which, to the mind of this reader, will really cause the courts to strike down FMRI evid ence as inadmissible is the constitutional argument that it violates the right to privacy. During an FMRI session, collateral information about the subject may be obtained but which he would have wanted to keep secret. This is a violation of the right to privacy.Of course, it is already established that such a mechanical method of subjecting ones self to physical examination is not violative of the right against self-incrimination. However, this is not the case I am pointing out. What if some information not related to the trial or to the case has been obtained during the FMRI session?True that it will not be offered in evidence but the damage of violating the right to privacy has already been incurred. What will the subject do then? If the FMRI violates the constitutional right to privacy, then anything obtained during such sessions, though irrelevant and immaterial to the case, should be kept confidential and inadmissible in evidence in all courts and tribunals.Secondly, the FMRI should be inadmissible in evidence because its error rate still has not been determined to a certain definitive degree. It matters not if polygraph evidence is admissible in many federal and state courts. As of the moment, the Supreme Court still has no definitive ruling as to its admissibility (Orenstein).Moreover, the accuracy of the data obtained during FMRI sessions is still in doubt when the procedure is considered. The fact that a 3-millimeter movement will render the data untruthful is enough for the courts to cast a doubtful eye on FMRI evidence. As to the matter of complex lies, this provides the subjects a way to beat the FMRI.They even do not have to lie. They can just answer half-truths or even use rhetorical answers and they could already beat the FMRI.All these point to rejection of FMRI evidence considering the attitude of the courts toward the Daubert principle. In fact, litigants say that courts are more strict than what the Supreme Court suggested in the Daubert ca se (Hileman 2003).However, as a statement of hope for FMRI, today is not the timely moment to test its admissibility in our courts of law. It should be given more time to develop into a better-founded discipline and its loopholes tied end-to-end. Then perhaps someday, our society will vex it a very reliable method in lie detection and the results be admissible in evidence in our courts of law. Works CitedIntroduction to FMRI. FMRIB Center, University of Oxford. December 4, 2007. http//www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/ direction/fmri/introduction-to-fmri/introduction/Orenstein, Beth. Guilty? Investigating FMRIs Future as a Lie Detector. May 16, 2005. Radiology Today. Vol 6 No. 10 p. 30.Supreme Court of the join State. Daubert vs Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. June 28, 1993. retrieved December 4, 2007. http//straylight.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/92-102.ZO.htmlWeiller C et al (2006). Clinical potential of brain mapping using MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 23 (6) 840850Scott A. Huettel, A llen W. Song, Gregory McCarthy, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sinauer Associates, 2004.Hileman, Bette. Daubert Rules Challenge Courts. July 7, 2003. Our Stolen Future. Retrieved December 4, 2007. http//www.ourstolenfuture.org/press/2003/2003-0707-CEN-daubert.htmSilberman, Steve. Dont Even Think About Lying. Wired Magazine. Retrieved December 4, 2007. http//www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.01/lying_pr.html

Analysis of The Notebook Essay

The Notebook begins at a nursing home where an elderly man called Duke reads a bask story that is indite in a notebook to an elderly charr who is overly a patient. The story is set in Seabrook Island, South Carolina where a local anesthetic boy by the name of Noah Calhoun falls in love with a young heiress named Allie Hamilton. In order to get her to go on a date with him, Noah climbs up a Ferris wheel at the local carnival and threatens to jump off unless she agrees to go out with him. Their first date is at the movies and terminals with the ii dancing in the street. The end of their date leads into a beautiful summer love affair where the two fall deeply in love with severally(prenominal) otherwisewise. Allies parents are dead set against the two young people being together this is mainly due to Noahs status (being poor) in the world. at long last the two break-up and Allie returns home to Charleston with her parents. Even though the two are apart they are still very muc h in love with each other. Noah writes a letter to Allie every day for one year unfortunately Allies mother intercepts the letters and does not give them to her daughter.Since neither one hears from the other they decide that they have no choice but to move on. Noah goes on to fight in World War II, plot of land Allie goes on to college and then volunteers as a nurse who cares for wounded soldiers. During her time as a volunteer Allie meets Lon a young lawyer who comes from old money. The two date for a while and then one night while out with her parents Lon proposes to Allie and she accepts. Even though she is engaged to someone else Allie still thinks about Noah. In the meantime Noah returns home from the fight and sees Allie eating at a restaurant with Lon and catches the two of them kissing. Noah decides to go abide home and restore the plantations house, thinking that if he can finish it then Allie volition eventually come back to him. One day while searching for her weddin g dress Allie sees a picture of Noah and the finished house in the paper. Allie decides that she moldiness go back and see Noah. Upon her arrival the two talk for a while and then eat dinner. Later the next day he takes Allie for a boat ride out on the river and shows her the swans. On the way back it is storming and Allie finally asks Noah why he never wrote to her.Here she finds out that Noah did in particular write to her and after arguing for a while the two ends up making love. The next day Allies mothershows up and gives her the letters that Noah had written all those years ago and tells her that she needs to make a choice. Eventually Allie chooses Noah and she breaks off her engagement with Lon. In the present we find that Duke is actually Noah and the elderly woman is Allie. The two have been married happily all of these years. The reason that Noah has been reading this notebook love story to her is because Allie has dementia and at times his retelling her the story helps h er to remember. At the very end of the movie Allie asks Noah if he thinks that their love is strong enough to take them away together, meaning die together. He believes that it is and the two lie tweak on the bed wrapped in each others arms and die peacefully. I found this movie to be very touching, sad, and clever all at the same time. The way the two loved each other so fully and completely done everything is something that I believe is clear lacking in todays world.Through most of the movie we find Allie holding her emotions in, fearful of hurting those that she cares about. We can see this when she finally concedes to her parents wishes and moves back to Charleston. We also see this when she accepts Lons proposal, not just because she cares and loves him, but because he is what her parents would have chosen (and approved of) for her. Another major place where we see this is towards the end when she is trying to make her decision on whom to be with. In each instance we find h er extremely fearful of expressing her emotions. Another issue that we see through the movie is inadequate interpersonal skills. This is one of the hardest communication obstacles to overcome. This is because many people simple do not know how to express their emotions. While this can be seen with all the arguing that occurs between Noah and Allie we also see it more subtly with Allie and her mother. This is because Allie and her mother never simply sit down and talk to each other about the issue of the relationship between Noah and Allie. Instead of explaining to Allie from the beginning how she felt and why she felt that way about the relationship she instead decided to clamor and hide the letters that Noah had written.Had the two learned to communicate better from the beginning it would have saved a lot of heartache. Through this movie we can also see the Socialization Theory at work. This theory talks about the different ways that men and women are taught to express their emoti ons. During this movie we see Allies mother hold her emotions in when it comes to anything other than hedaughters actions. Anne is what would be considered the perfect southern woman. She does not express any negative emotions in public setting instead she keeps them to herself. We can also see this with her father and how he ever so eloquently addresses Noah and his unhappiness with him seeing his daughter. In two respects Allies parents act emotionally how the upper class of southern society would expected to. This movie shows every aspect of a relationship, from the good to the bad. It shows that no relationship is perfect they all have their ups and there downs. While many different elements of emotional communication can be seen, for me the concepts of fear, inadequate interpersonal skills and the acculturation theory are the most appropriate. I believe that this movie can teach all people something about relationships.

Movies Influence on a Person’s Life

Movies Influence on a Persons Life Movies concord always been used to instruct and entertain lot. Throughout history movies have notion people about war, love, life and death. They have made people happy and sad, angry and remorseful. There is no doubt that movies have had some very important effects on peoples behavior. The movies influences presume in young children as they pass through different levels of growing up, and on people who oftentimes go steady movies and incorporate them in their own real life activities.The primary reason is that movies have heathen and moral influences on people. For instance, Youngsters love to watch the dancing princesses or the evil ninjas, because of a lack of plan and knowledge. They pass on copycat the actions and behaviors in everything whether it is playing, clothes or habits. Children do not have the sense to furcate fact from vision. They think, what they see is real and toilette happen to them in the future. Furthermore, horror movies created from imaginary stories that show the lament equal to(p) sides of life have the primary aim of scaring and shocking the audience.This can lead to the development of fears and insecurities in the beware of a child. Young children like to use phrases from the movies, and experience the same style of living. Children believe that all those ideas, characterized in movies, are good and correct. Movies include various kinds of contents. In some, for example, scenes involving murders are broadcast, in which a individual is cleansing or being killed by someone. This event in fiction may cause a person to justify bloodshed or murder psychologically.In addition, movies also persuade people to think about themselves, people imagine being placed in a movie instead of the original character. This thought can change a persons behavior in the real life. It is not strange when a writer gives a solution for a problem in the movie but people may think that this is the only option f or facing the same issue in real life, which is not true. hysteria and the use of drugs in the movies often put people in an uncomfortable situation, because people might have had personal experience with drugs or other illegal substances.These types of movies have a very bad bushel on people. Instead individuals should watch movies where a person can learn something and through that can admit commanding behavior in life. Also movies, in which drinking alcohol is illustrated in a positive way, can play a significant role in a persons conclusiveness to begin drinking at an early age. Research proves that drinking alcohol before the age of 16 is a risk factoring which can prevent development later in life.Movies are tools to help oneself people who want to develop culturally, in broader word, Movies have the power to educate people. Like books movies can memorise ethics, make a person grateful, and show the different sides of human nature, in addition, to entertaining and keepi ng a person happy. Instructive movies are more effective for young children, as once they see it, children will never forget it. What a person can do is to propose the movies which he thinks are able to show the accurate conception.Violence shown through movies affects society and may cause criminal activity. Certain movies should be denied the adjust to be released on the market. A person needs to know that in everything there has to be reserve and an equal balance. Teachers should also encourage children to take up reading as a hobby or to watch knowledge related movies. Children should be allowed to watch only movies from which they can learn. People shouldnt watch movies which bring negative thoughts into their personal lives.

Healing Hospital: A Daring Paradigm Essay

Components of improve Hospitals belief and hope are the greatest assets for the patient. Listening is the greatest asset of the look atgivers. Addressing apparitional issues can make a difference in the patients experience of illness, and may even affect the outcome. Ministering to the patients phantasmal pauperisms and providing appropriate interventions has been determine as a professional nursing role. ( Philosophical Foundation for Integrative Medicine, 2012) ameliorate hospitals need to brook to the physical needs and spiritual needs as well. holistic nursing is becoming more large(p) of caring for patients, paying attention to the mind, body, and spirit. These are components of a improve hospital. According to Diana Vance (Vance, 2004), Patients religious faith and prayers were significantly agree and reduced post-op pain and complications and mortality rates. Additionally prayer, spiritual perspective, and religious influence were positively correlated with enhan ced coping skills for skunking with the stress of surgery and illness and an overall feeling of well-being during remnant illness. Regardless of whether spiritually is described as prayer, religious faith, or spiritual perspective, numerous studies have demo the positive affects spiritually plays on physical and psycho kind health. (Vance, 2004) Prayer and medicine have been furnishn to come blood drive as a result decreases the effects of bosom infirmity.Studies also show meditation lowers blood cultivated cabbage as well. Healing hospitals need to provide patients with staff educated in spiritualty and more holistic medicine. Massage therapy increases the oxygen and blood flow to the areas being massaged, the only exception is areas over bony prominences where pull ulcers may develop. Biofeedback can be used to promote relaxation, heart rate. Guided imagery focuses and directs imagination. This can decrease blood pressure, respiratory rate, and can decrease pain. Healing touch consist of balancing physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being. Healing touch works with the bodys energy field to support its natural business leader to heal. Healing Music therapy is being used to decrease stress, and can help patient managepost-op pain. Healing gardens provide a place for patients can pray, meditate, and can use other therapies to aid in heal. most hospital and nursing homes also participate in pet therapy. Florence Nightingale promoted small pets as a companion for the sick. Pastoral alimony with representatives from the different faiths so that patients receive the pastoral care needed. Healing environments are not just for the patients. In order to effectively and therapeutically for other we must first go through how to care for ourselves. Healing environments are an essentially prerequisites patients as well as staff members.Creating a Healing EnvironmentHealing environments have had difficulties taking hold. Hospitals are known for cu re and not healing. Until the past equalise of years medical students were not instructed how spiritually can make a difference. One of the difficulties studies have rig is that hospitals are noisy with overhead paging, bright lights and this increases patient stress, anxiety causing blood pressure, blood sugar, heart rate elevated, while also increases muscle tension. This situation decreases the bodies ability to heal. Overall nurses believe that some spiritual connection does increase the bodies ability to heal, gives patients inner-peace and contributes to overall well-being. Nurses need to develop a strong therapeutic alliance with the patient this increases the patients ability to discuss these sensitive issues. Acute care nurses are less equipped to hoi polloi with spiritual needs of this patient population. Hospice nurses, oncology, and rehabilitation nurses apply spiritual comfort, and have more education to deal with these issues. In some studies nurses claim reasons t hat keep them from discussing spiritual matters is lack of time, lack of confidence, and knowledge regarding the particular organized religion the patients practice. Despite attempt to present nurses spiritual care in a more positive light. Studies show that nurses treatment is incomplete only participating in more traditional therapies like prayer. (Grant, 2004) With cutbacks in hospital funding, and short stays spiritual care is considered a low priority. Nurses need to be educated in more modern therapies. Interventions should be developed and evaluated that utilize the best mix of hospital staff physicians, nurses, chaplains, social workers. Questionaries need to bedeveloped that ask if their spiritual needs were met while hospitalized in the acute care setting.Hospitals need to make spiritual care a higher priority in the acute care settings. (Vance, 2004) According to one article I read our spirituality is the foundation of our being rather than an eyeshot our being. Attentio n to spirituality and spiritual values is an important yet most-often neglected components in organizations. (Thornton, 2005) Hospitals need to progress to educational programs for patients and visitors to incorporate the idea of mind, body, and soul to foster the idea that all of these concepts are tied unneurotic as one. Keeping mind, body, and spirit health has shown to actually lower over health care cost. The healing environment is not just important to the patients and visitors. The staff needs this environment as well hospitals need to make changes for staff. Keeping the staff energized and able to provide the best care possible. In the book of Matthew 423-25 NIV Describes the story of Jesus making his way through the synagogues spreading the gospel, healing the sick, healing every disease and illness. News spread all over Syria people came to him with all kinds of various diseases, those suffering in pain, the demon-possessed, those having seizures and the paralyzed. savi our healed them all. This best describes how healing hospitals should be. This scripture describes Christ healing physical issues it also describes Christ healing the spirit as well, by healing the demon possessed. Hospitals are in the business of healing, curing, and promoting over well-being.ReferencesGeimer-Flanders, J. (2014). Creating a healing environment Rationale and research overview. Retrieved from http//www.ccjm.org/content/76/Suppl_2/S66.full Grant, D. (2004, Jan-Feb). Spiritual Interventions How, When, and Why Nurses Use Them. Holistic Nursing Practice, 1(), 36-41. Retrieved from ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu Spirituality and Religion in Health Care. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.bravewell.org/integrative_medicine/philosophical_foundation/spirituality_and_healthcare/ The Power of Beliefs and the Importance of Culture. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.bravewell.org/integrative_medicine/philosophical_foundation/beliefs_and_culture/ Thornton, L. (2005). The Model of Who le-Person Caring Creating

Historical Development of the Early Childcare Essay

a) History and current status of boor c be provision in IrelandDuring the early Twentieth century in Ireland in that respect was a lack of job opportunities for women in the body of workforce. Women were clam up seen largely seen as the stay at home figure. cod to this environmental impact, pincerren were c bed for in their bear homes master(prenominal)ly by their mothers. Therefore on that point was less of a pick up in the prime(prenominal) peasant c atomic number 18 genteelness firmament. This ended when squirtren started attending Primary school. During the latter part of the Twentieth century, during the whiles of the Celtic Tiger, the shake of job opportunities for women in the workforce escalated. This resulted in an increase in urbanisation and a moderate in family curb. For example Families lived further apart from severally other, and as a result, it did non make sense to entrust the peasantren with their grandmother or other family members due t o financial restrictions such as the price of fuel, or time restrictions such as the length of time needn to leave the electric razorren from onedestination to the other.This lead to p arnts pursuit the childminding work privately or inwardly their local atomic number 18a. Statistics accept shown that approximately 60% of children under six few yrs of age attended a form of child care redevelopment at this time. (Class Notes) There was a substantial increase in the demand for both private and community child care go. In result to the rapidly increasing demand for child care helper, it was deemed necessary that an Expert Working Group on childcare was formed. The Expert Working Group came together and ar functiond a meeting to discuss federal agencys to make up the upcoming problems inside the childcare run sector. They held discussions on how to make childcare service more(prenominal) quickly avail sufficient and findible to families in Ireland. It was recogn ized at this point, that there was a need to develop a field schema to assist them with the transformation of the current childcare services sector.Thus, a depicted object Strategy was developed and was published in 1999. The National strategy recognized and contained the weding principles The Needs and the sets of the child, E fibre of access and participation, Diversity, Partnership and Quality (Class Notes Page 2) It overly contained suggestions and advice on support for parents/guardians, Laws relating childcare, Qualifications, Employment, Planning and Co-ordination. In 2002, the pith for Early childhood development and Education was established. This centre was set up to develop specimens and to improve the childcare sector. The Centre for early Childhood phylogenesis and Education aimed to meet that every childcare riding horse (whether it was a full-time / Part-time service or a Public / Private service) met the criteria and flavour standards that that were estab lished by the Centre. The main objective of the Centre for Early childhood development and Education was to focus on improving more deprived areas as well as the more advantaged areas so as to en genuine that all areas inwardly the childcare sector offered the same quality of services In 2006, Siolta was launched. Siolta was set up to implement the first aim of the Centre for Early Childhood Development and Education which was to develop the current standards inwardly the childcare sector.This was called The National Quality Framework for Early Education. This ensured that there was support in improving quality across all childcare services which contained children from 0-6 days of age. Further to this, in 2009, a new stratagem was introduced at bottom the child care sector. The Early child careEducation scheme Free pre-school prop was formed. The free pre-school erupt enabled children inwardly the age grip of 3 years and 3 months and 4 years 6 months in September of the germane(predicate) year to engage in one free academic year within a full time or seasonal service. If a childcare service/ centre valued to take part in the Early childcare Education scheme, the criteria set kayoed by Siolta had to be met and furthermore the Principles set by An Siolta would urinate to be implemented within their current childcare backing.It is substantial to recognize that this is the first time that Early childhood pedagogics has received any direct world-wide funding. As a result of the free pre-school place hatchway, the demand within the childcare sector act to grow. (Siolta) More recent developments within the childcare sector include the introduction of a new initiative called Aistear, which was established by the Department of Education and Skills through NCCA in 2010. Aistear from the Irish word meaning pilgrimage, is of relevant importance to childcare settings where children from the ages of 0-6 years receive their care and education. Aistear works closely alongside Siolta and consists of an knowledgeable syllabus that contains xii principles and themes that give guidance to the childcare worker. Aistear recognizes that education and care are not crumble within the childcare sector and they aim to service children grow and develop independently.(Aistear)b) Current range of childcare provision in IrelandSix types of services that dismiss be categorised under sessional and fulltime services are Naonra A Naonra is a sessional service. It organises and communicates with the operategroup through the medium of Irish, they recognise unwraply child as case-by-cases. The service doesnt set pressure on children to speak Irish, they still encourage and support children all way. As the children are surrounded in Irish they will gradually pick up and meet the language in their own time. The service is recognised by Forbairt Naonra. Parent and toddler groups This is a sessional service and is supported by Early Childh ood Ireland. Parents and their children/toddlers meet in one area, often held in one of the parent houses who are victorious part in the service. It gives children the opportunity to gain the experience of interacting with others, thusly promoting and developing the childs social skills. It also gives parents the opportunity to interact with otherparents, gaining support of each other. Montessori pre-schools The pre-school is usually privately run, it develops its curriculum around the manners of Dr Maria.The Montessori focuses mainly on the childs educational development, its curriculum is therefore more practical based, isnt fully focused on play. This action of purely practical based education may be scrutinised by certain individuals as it thought by some theorists that children should experience and develop through the experience of play at this young age. The pre-school functions on academic year and mainly cares for children from terce to six years of age. Home and comm unity playgroups Home and community playgroups care for children within the age range of 2 and a half to five years of age, they operate in every a home or community basis. Home playgroups are generally privately funded where as community playgroups receive funding from the government, each service usually opens and runs for a period of three to four hours each daytime. The service highlights and develops childrens social and emotional learning through play.Crches, Nurseries and Day care services These services are recognised as a fulltime service and cater for children from the age of approximately three months to five years of age. They are open at a borderline of eight hours a day and usually will a day-to-day curriculum. The services bath style be privately or in public run, an increase in demand for these services greatly increased after the Free Pre-School Year was introduced. from each one service provides the children attending the service with a hot meal and snacks during the duration of the day. Each service helps met the childs safety, well existence and developmental needs.They also help children make the crush of their abilities, whether that be through play or practical learning. Family Day Care Children are looked after in the childminders home. There is no especial(a)ised age group that Family Day Care caters for, they behind cater for all different age groups at once in the same facility. The hours that the carer caters for the children is arranged between the childs parent and the carer. The children become substantially settled in this form of day care as they are only interacting and building a relationship with one adult with the service. The children are provided with snacks and possibly hot meals, depending on the length of time the child is attending the service. The service is supported and recognised by Childminding Ireland.c) Current range of subprograms in childcare support organisations and agencies Health Service Executive (HSE) is the first service accomplished when there is a serious concern involving a child safety or family issue , the Health Service Executive and then has the business of convey services and agencies together to help resolve the concerned matter. The Health Service Executive provides services that helps treasure and support children, parents/guardians and families. There are many roles within the Health Service Executive, they include Family support worker The Family support worker offers support and supplies services to familys going through emotionally distressing times. The Family carry prole tries to fetch families remained together unless there is a family member deemed at serious risk if unp petty(a)ed together. Some of the services that The Family Support Worker will supply to the family to try help resolve the issues are, Parenting Skills, agency and Personal Development, Home Care performment, Diet, Nutrition and Health Care, Budgeting and family Fi nance. (Class notes page 4)Community child care Worker The Community Childcare Worker works alongside professionals to give support to children who are in disadvantaged families, deemed at risk, deprived or in care. The Community Childcare Worker also helps children plug with or come to an understanding of why they are in that care home. Social Worker works with convoluted families and individuals, The Social Worker helps resolve problems in families whether that is emotional, behavioural or social problems.Social Workers also deal with problems such as child abuse, domestic violence, and adoption. Before removing children from their home and separating families social worker s wear to prove that they have gave families every option possible, if the family /parents does not comply with any of the options, the matter continues to rise and the child/children are still recognised at risk then the case is taken to court and assessed by a Judge whether the child/children should be removed from the family home, thus action is seen as a stopping point resort.Barnardos Barnardos is Irelands biggest childrens charity. It is focused on working with children and families on, whether that be group work or person-to-person interaction. Barnardos help children make the best of their abilities when going through difficult situations, such as neglect, abuse,or poverty. They provide a range of services to help families through distressing times i.e counselling, and bereavement help lines. Barnardos also protest against Government laws that affect children and their way of living e.g. child benefit cuts.d) Six National Childcare organisationsBarnardos Barnardos is Irelands biggest childrens charity, it is mainly focused on working with children and families. Barnardos provide a range of services to help assist and support families through distressing times, they also help children make the best of their abilities whilst going through or have gone through difficult tim es e.g. neglect. Childminding Ireland- is a registered charity and was created in 1986. It was created by a small group of childminders that further grew into a bigger organisation. The organisation promotes home-based childcare. Forbairt Naonra Teoranta is a voluntary organisation which supports education and care for children from birth who are brought up in Irish. St.Nicholas Montessori companionship of Ireland Provide opportunities for Montessori teachers to further their profession.They also offer help, support and give guidance for Montessori teachers. The Irish Society for the cake of Childrens Cruelty Provide a 24hour support service for children who are going through a difficult situations. States that id high quality childcare service wants to keep their service high quality, then the service moldiness ensure that there is good enough child protection within the facility. The organisation also recognises children are individuals and therefore the childs dear field s and values should be supported. Border Counties Childcare net Is a network that services in counties such as Monaghan, Meath, Louth, Cavan, Donegal, Sligo and Leitrim in helping deliver a childhood service of high quality.LO4 Clear explanation the rights of the child in the context of an ECCE setting.A) Examine the UN blueprint on the Rights of the Child.The UN convention on the Rights of the Child has 54 articles. Thesefifty-four articles are a written magnetic inclination of the different types of the childs rights, if those rights are intentionally broken it is seen as breaking the law. The UN convention on the Rights of the child can be broken into four broad areas, these four areas are survival, Development, Protection and Participation. Survival The child has a right to life and the right to the basic requirements to survive life e.g. food, water, shelter, clothing, medical aid.Development The child has a right to education, religion, play, develop the identification of right and wrong and leisure. The child also has the right to be provided with a safe environment to develop these skills and knowledge. Protection The child has the right to be protect against abuse and neglect. If a child has come in interference with and suffered from abuse then the child has the right to some form of counselling to come to an understanding and overcome the traumatic situation. Participation The child has the right to join organisations e.g. clubs, groups, freedom of expression and speech.Standard 1 Right of the child.Ensuring that each childs rights are met, requires that she/he is enabled to exercise choice and to use initiative as an active participant and partner in her/his own development and learning. (Siolta page 13)Component 1.1 Choice for the childPractitioners could put component 1.1 into practice at meal time. By giving the child the options at meal time, this could be achieved by giving the child the choice of two different meals therefore enab ling the child to make its own choices. If a child decides they do not want to eat at meal time the practician should respect the childs decision. By having different utensils for sale at meal time e.g. chopsticks, this provides choice for the child. The child can then make the choice on what they want to eat there meal with.Component 1.2 work initiativeA practitioners could put component 1.2 into practice with a child from twelve thirty-six months by providing the opportunity of letting the child out on its coat independently, enabling the child to zip or buttonthe coat. The practitioner should talk the child through the process, encourage the child as she/he is laborious to overcome and accomplish the task and support the child if he/she comes into difficulty.Component 1.3 active participantsA practitioner could put component 1.3 into practice with a child from birth to eighteen months by viably communicating. While/when the practitioner is changing the childs nappy he/she could viably communicate to the child and make eye contact whilst changing its nappy. The practitioner could also sing nursery rhymes and act out movements to the child e.g. three short(p) pigs, touching the childs toes whilst singing the rhyme. This makes the child feel comfortable and an active participant passim the activity.LO2 Detained description of the qualifications and experience needed for work associated with one occupation in the ECCE sector.a) Outline lawmakings, policies, practices and procedures pertaining to ECCE provision.Childcare operation 1991Provides asset of rules relating to children/young adults under the age of eighteen in Ireland, it governs the care and protection of children in Ireland. (Classnotes) Due to this legislation the Health Service Executive has a mandatory duty to promote and protect the well- creation of all children under this act. Children who are world abused or at risk, this venture allows those children to be removed or be placed u nder the care of the Health Service Executive. In relation to preschool services the Act is consulted with when rules and regulations are cosmos drawn up for the supervision of children of pre-school services.Under the Act the pre-school carers have a certificate of indebtedness and duty to implement safety and well universe of children under their pre-school setting. If the pre-school carer has concern for a childs safety wellness it is their responsibility to notify the Health Service Executive. If a new pre-school setting is being set up or is intending to set up the local Health Service Executive must be notified. The Health Service Executive then has a duty to inspect the pre-school setting toensure the health and safety standards of the setting are being met. The rules and regulations drawn up from the Act must be strictly followed by the practitioners. Childcare (preschool services) Regulations 2006The regulation outlines the standards that a preschool setting of any form must put/have in place onward it can commence e.g. all forms of health, safety and welfare of the setting must be put in place to ensure full safety of the child is being met. It is the Health Service Executives duty for inspecting and giving a report of information on pre-schools of any sort or kind who care for children from the age of zero-six years of age. The regulation is arranged in six parts thirty-three regulations and can be broadly covered over the following areas Health, welfare and development of the childNotification and inspection by the Health Service Executive Record belongingsStandard of premises and facilitiesGeneral administration (class notes)Policies and procedures must be drawn up and developed from these points.Children commencement 1999Children First was first made available in the year 1999 but was later replaced with Children First National Guidance for the Protection and Welfare of Children 2011. The general rule of the document was left unchanged but acknowledges chivalric inspections and reports and feedback, due to this the document had been edited to set out distinctive guidelines that individual roles should take is concerned for a childs health, safety and welfare. Children First National Guidance for the Protection and Welfare of Children 2011 main aims are to ensure childrens health safety and welfare are being constantly met.That society are aware that they should not assume but should report any concerns regarding a childs health and safety and realise that it is their responsibility to put this action into place. The legislation provides advise/support for parents/guardians in regards to their role as a parent/carer. Inspections made by the Department of Education and Science will take place through-out schools of all sorts toreinforce and ensure that the new legislation is being enforced.SioltaSiolta is made up of twelve principals, sixteen standard and s takey-five components. The twelve principals provide the base of the frame work. Without the principals the components wouldnt be able to be put in place. The principals give direction for childcare workers on how they should carry out their work in an Early Childhood Care and Education environment, how to interact and communicate with children and fillies, how subjects should be taught and how the services that the childcare worker works in should be arrange. The twelve principles contain make upity is a necessary persuasion to have in a childcare setting, it is essential every child feels equal. Diversity- Every childcare setting should recognise that each child comes from very different backgrounds. It is the childcares settings responsibility to confirm that they understand, respect and accommodate this with opthalmic aids e.g. posters, dolls from different ethnic backgrounds, chopsticks in the home area ect.Environment- The physical layout of the setting should be organised to meet, encourage and develop the childs abilities so the child can reach their full say-so. Welfare- The childs health, safety and welfare is essential and should be met as much as it possibly can be e.g. if a child has chicken pocks, that child should be removed to a room where no other children are present tense the childs parents should be contacted and the child shouldnt father until it has cleared to prevent it infecting other children. The role of the adult- The adult working in the setting has a responsibility to make sure the child is making the most of their experience and are reaching full potential while in that adults company. Teamwork-Good communication and respect should be shown and practised in settings between the various workers in the setting.If there isnt respect among workers, there wont be good teamwork skills therefore the children present in that company will pick up on the negative energy and put what they have picked up on into practice. Pedagogy- The study and theory of the methods and principals of teaching should be put in place in early childhood care and education through holistic play, as this is the most discriminate method of learning for children of that age range. Play-Should be promoted, as it is an essential part in a childs developmentwhether that be physical or theory learning. Sioltas sixteen standards are essential and necessary in services as it give guidance for workers within the service, IT gives guidance on how to act, provide and develop services with the setting.The standards contain various elements such as the various elements such as the childs rights to the legislation and regulation. Its from the sanders that the seventy-five components are made up. The components help meet the standard. Without the sixteen standards and seventy-five components the knowledge of the twelve principals wouldnt be able to be put in place as efficaciously. Siolta was created to improve the way childcare is taught, organised, carried out and viewed in the Early Childhood Care and Education settings who cater for children from the age range of birth to six years of age. It defines, assess and supports these improvements. Early Childhood Care and Education settings and services taking part in the free school year must implement Siolta, making more demand for the service. (siolta)AistearAistear, was established by the Department of Education and Skills through NCCA in 2010. Aistear from the Irish word meaning pilgrimage, is of relevant importance to childcare settings where children from the ages of 0-6 years receive their care and education. Aistear works closely alongside Siolta and consists of an unceremonial curriculum that contains twelve principles and themes that give guidance to the childcare worker. Aistear recognizes that education and care are not separate within the childcare sector and they aim to help children grow and develop independently. (Aistear)The managerThe manager is indispensable to have a minimum level 7/8 qualification in childcare, they have to manage the day-to-day routine of the preschool setting, ensuring that the developmental needs, safety and wellbeing of each individual child are being met. The manager may also be need to work unsocial hours and must attend to relevant meetings. The manager also has the responsibility to ensure the child protection policy is being implemented within the setting, recording and concerns and also ensuring high sanders of safety are being maintained at all times. (Class notes)The Childcare assistantThe Childcare assistant is required to have a minimum of a level 5 qualification in childcare and former experience is required. They assist in the day-to-day organisation and set of the childcare setting. The Childcare assistant must maintain all personal information of the individual children as confidential and at times have to work unsocial hours. The assistant must ensure the children within their care are receiving high standards of care, safety and wellbeing whilst als o ensuring the developmental need of the children are being met accurately. The Childcare Assistant will have to at times come in in fundraising activities, special events and outings. They must strictly follow the Child Protection policy and report any concerns. (class notes)The Playgroup LeaderThe Playgroup Leader is required to have a minimum of a level 5 qualification in childcare and previous experience in childcare is required. The Playgroup Leader is required to manage the day-to-day routine of the playgroup. The playgroup leader has the responsibility to ensure the safety, wellbeing and developmental needs of the children are being continually being met. They must keep all personal information regarding the children within the service, childrens family and staff strictly confidential. mustiness strictly follow and promote the Child Protection Policy, ensuring high standers of hygiene and quality are being promoted within the setting. direct regular meetings with parents t hroughout the year. Must regularly carry out appraisal on the staffs performance, make sure all staff and volunteers have guard vetting. Must try to obtain good staff more and show respect to other staff members.Special Needs AssistantA Special Needs Assistant must have a minimum level5 qualification in childcare. Must ensure that all personal information regarding children or staff they work with remains confidently then it should be reported. Must strictly follow the Child Protection Act and make sure the developmental needs of the child are being met. The assists are recruited to help assistand support children with special needs or difficult behaviour problems in schools. The assistants engage regularly with the parents of the special needs child, they also participate in fundraising activities, special events and outings to further help the child or children with special needs.Montessori teacherMust have a minimum level5 qualification in childcare. Must strictly follow the Chil d Protection Act and make sure the developmental needs of the child are being met, ensuring high standards of hygiene and quality are being promoted within the setting. A Montessori has the responsibly to provide opportunities for children so they can figure out how to do something for themselves. Must observe children within the setting and comment on their development. They provide challenging tasks for the children, so they make the best of their abilities. Organise meetings with the parents throughout the year.Detailed description of the qualifications and experience needed for work associated with on occupation in the ECCE sector.One occupation in the Early Child Care and Education sector I have chose to further evaluate on is the pre-school manager. The pre-school manager has many roles and responsibilities such as macrocosm strictly confidential within and outside the Early Childhood Care and Education setting in relaxation to keeping personal information about the children, their family and also the staff. Ensuring when planned activities are taking place that each individual childs developmental needs are being met. Making sure that every area and all facilities of the Early Childhood Care and Education setting are being met to Sioltas standards. Has the role of preparing and creating curriculum plans for the staff to carry out in the Early Childhood Care and Education setting.Making sure that there is good staff morale, resolving any issues that arise promptly and effectively Making sure that there the Child Protection policy is being promoted and that the policy is being firm stuck to. If any concerns are arisen then the manager must document and record this. Organise meetings with parents throughout the year to inform them and discuss such things as the childs progression and alsoadhering to any concerns raise by the parents. It is also a role and responsibility of the manager to prepare and organise special event and outings for the children at tending the Early Childhood Care and Education setting. ( class notes)The preschool manager must have a minimum qualification of level of seven/eight in childcare.This qualification can be obtained in most ITs. The duration of study that it would take to obtain this would be approximately three to four years depending on the level of qualification. To then further become a pre-school manager the level of experience the individual would need to have would depend on the Early Childhood Care and Education setting. Generally the minimum experience needed by the individual would be approximately two four years. It would be appropriate that the individual had experience as a supervisor before becoming a pre-school manager.Employment and go Opportunities in ChildcareFunding that is made available to state to childcare services, such as the Equal Opportunities Childcare Programme, the Early Childhood Care and Education Scheme / Free Pre-School year and Community Childcare Solovention sche me make the option of childcare services more appealing and therefore increase the demand for childcare services. As a result of the increased demand for childcare services, the demand for employment opportunities also increases.The Early Childhood care and Education Scheme / Free Pre-school year (FPSY) was introduced in 2009. The scheme recognized the importance of qualifications within the childcare sector and as a result it introduced a minimum qualifications standard for pre-school leaders. An important feature of the scheme is that it offers more funding for better qualified staff and because of this feature it can increase or decrease an individuals employment opportunities e.g. if an individual applied for a particular position in which the state requires the potential employee to hold a Level 7 qualification, and the candidate did not hold a Level 7 qualification,that candidate will most likely not get the position as a result as their employment would not benefit the pre-sc hool.The Community Childcare Subvention Scheme is a support scheme that was set up to aid and support non-profit childcare services/centres. This scheme does not support profit childcare services. The schemes main focus is to help the non-profit childcare services. This scheme allows non-profit childcare services to provide their services at a lower rate, which enables children with disadvantaged parents the opportunity to attend childcare services.Each Community based service that takes part in the Community Childcare scheme, has the responsibility to make a guideline available of the different rates for each type of service that they offer to parents. There are four types of fee rates available and the parent/guardian will be offered the rate depending on what price band or category they fall into based on their individual financial situation. This scheme enables more access to all types of parents and therefore increases the demand for childcare services and effectively increases employment opportunities.Special Needs Assistant Due to the downturn in the Irish Economy, there have been substantial cuts in Special Needs Assistants. It has been revealed that approximately 1200 Special needs assistant positions will be cut in the near future. (Class notes) If this happens, there will be a sharp decrease in the amount of employment opportunities available within the childcare sector. It is also thought that as a result of the cuts, individuals that currently hold a Level 7/8 qualification may not be willing to apply for job opportunities that become available due to the poor pay conditions and low status of the childcare positions.Progression of qualifications within the childcare sector e.g. achieving a Level 5 and progressing to a Level 6, Level 7 and Level 8 qualification is becoming more important to childcare workers to help them increase their employment opportunities. The better the qualification that a childcare worker obtains means they have a higher c hance of securing employment within the childcare sector. E.g. If an advertisement is published in a newspaper for a childcare position, and an individual that holds a Level 5 applieswhile also an individual what holds a Level 8 qualification also applies, the individual with the higher qualification i.e. the Level 8 qualification, will have a higher chance of getting the position.After obtaining a Level 8 qualification i.e. A Degree in childcare, which is generally obtained over a three year period, there is a occupational group opportunity to continue to study towards a Primary school teaching qualification. A further two years of study in Teacher training is also required before obtaining a qualification as a Primary school teacher.After achieving a minimum of a Level 7/8 qualification, there is also the opportunity to become a manager within a childcare setting. An individual seeking to further their career or who wishes to pursue a career in management would also need sufficien t experience within the early childcare and education setting to secure a higher position. This career opportunity can only become available for the individual if they have obtained a Level 7/8 qualification.

Houston Zoning Essay

Since its beginning the City of Houston has brought about(predicate) much controversy over it land use policies, if any. According to its official site The city of Houston does non have zoning but development is governed by codes that address how billet can be subdivided. Because of no Zoning restrictions Houston has grown to become a massive ununiformed collection of concrete. With no zoning in outlet you can travel across Houston and come across multiple skylines, which can actually make Houston a unique place to live. I can recall a friend from Tennessee informing of how impressive Houstons downtown skyline was, but come to find they simply talking about the Houston Galleria district. Houston cityscape, and intermediate Street or avenue is like no other cities of its size or greater. In a way zoning in Houston has become an increasingly complex topic, many property owners are oral presentation out more than ever. Many Property owners feel that while some angiotensin converti ng enzyme elses land is theirs, it shouldnt affect their own. In Houston a phenomenon thats not unfamiliar would be unwanted businesses or industries establishing themselves within areas the great majority would rather not be located near. For example, a sports bar across the track from a church or, a junk yard next to a single family residence. Home buyers in the Houston area eliminate the risk of having their property determine decrease because of lack of zoning by buying their new dwellings in a deed restricted community, many located all throughout the city of Houston. Under the circumstances, home buyers agree to purchase their home a community of this type giving ascendancy to a hired home owners association to keep their community and home values well up kept.In the textbook (Texas Politics 12th edition), Political science professor Daniel Elazar identifies one-third broad developed patterns of political culture moralistic, traditionalistic, and individualistic. Daniel g roups the various states between the groups by their structure of government and citizens. He identifies that Texas would be under the individualistic political culture. According to Professor Elazar in the individualistic political culture, citizens go steady the state and nation as marketplaces in people strive to better their personal welfare. Citizen friendship is encouraged only as a means of individual achievement and discouraged when it attempts to redistribute wealth. existence the largest city in theindividualistic state of Texas, one definitely can understand why or how its municipal setting mimics the big picture. Houston zoning laws can be viewed as a way to take the idea of individual growth versus the growth of the whole community. When someone purchases land in Houston, its typically the end of story and just that. You do as you pleased with your private property. The land / property now become a reflection of its owner. A business minded man will make his proper ty profitable, while some other average may not see his for that reason. Nevertheless, with no zoning it doesnt matter, who or where things are being placed. Many Houston residents have grown to love some benefits of no zoning, as well as visitors, after the initial shock. For what its worth no zoning has allowed Houston to become one huge convenient city. Unlike a citizen of a traditional zoned city, a Houston resident doesnt flat have to leave their surroundings to get all their errands done in one making Houston the supreme stop and go.

Michigan Coal-Powered Plants

1769, or the induce of the Industrial revolution was when James Watt patented his steam engine. All the steam-powered machines like the steamboat, steamship, and steam locomotives, were all powered by burn. Coal is a solid fossil fuel that when mined, can be hire for energy. Today, more then 90% of coal is used for electricity and that which isnt used for that is used as an industrial power source. Coal fired railroads stopped in the 1950s and industrial use has declined, that electric utilities engender increased their use of coal tenfold in the past 50 years. By the early 20th century, radiator heat was powered by coal and older homes still have their coal chutes.Wyoming, Colorado and West Virginia atomic number 18 several(prenominal) of our main coal producers and our supply far exceeds that of anoint and natural gas. Today, 52% of electricity generated in the United States is coal powered compared to only 14.8% for nuclear power. In 2004, 1.16 billion tons of coal was b urned, most for electricity. At the current usage rate of coal, the world has 1500 years left to use this resource.There are actually some(prenominal) cons of using coal even though Americans are more leery of nuclear power. It was found that people who bide near coal-fired plants are exposed to high radiation then people living by the nuclear plants. (McBride, J.P.) Because of peoples fears about nuclear energy, most plants will be replaced with coal-fired plants unless solar energy is harnessed in a better way. showtime and foremost, coal produces carbon dioxide, which is suspected to cause global warming. Human health is susceptible because coal is a source of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, two sources that may cause acid rain. Coal withal contains atomic number 92 and thorium, two radioactive materials. In 1982, each U.S. plant released 5.2 tons of atomic number 92 and 12.8 tons of thorium.Totalwas 801 tons of uranium and 1971 tons of thorium. It is predicted in the yea r 2040, that 145,230 tons of uranium and 357,491 tons of thorium will be released in the U.S. alone. These large quantities of these two materials are not be treated as radioactive waste. Coal-powered plants arent correct and are basically permitted to emit low-levels of radiation. Long-term accumulation of these radioactive materials could pose serious health hazards already the effects are being seen, showing up as more asthma in children. land mile has the highest prevalence of asthma in children.Exposure within 30 miles of a coal-powered plant showed 1,929,662 children with 18% of them having asthma. Large amounts of contamination that coal-fired plants built before 1977 are save from the Clean Air Act. Illinois alone has 22 plants that are exempt and in 1997 these plants emitted 240,000 tons of Nitrogen Oxide, or as much as the annual pollution from 12 million carsAlso in 1997, Illinois plants emitted 722,000 tons of Sulfur Dioxide which fine particulate pollution of this has been attributed to 5,570 premature deaths a year in Illinois and 3,767 in the city of Chicago alone, according to a 1996 study by the environmental Working Group. (http//www.consciouschoice.com/1995-98/cc115/note115.html.)With so many health problems, potential and active, why are coal plants still being proposed? The huge Lakes basin is home to more than thirty million people. The Great Lakes are the largest system of come near freshwater on the Earth, spanning about 800 miles and containing about 20% of the worlds surface freshwater resource. The water in the Great Lakes accounts for more than 90% of the surface freshwater in the U.SBut this beautiful land also has the special focalization of our government and that is they want theGreat Lakes region to be the future sites of many more coal-powered plants. As many as 94 plants are already in various stages of planning. Ten plants in Illinois, five in Wisconsin, and already Northern Lights Coal Plant in Michigan is causing q uite a stir. At first this plant was given a hesitant welcome since it was claiming to be the cleanest coal-powered plant in the U.S. and would pee-pee jobs, but looking deeper into it, it was discovered that there were political and environmental regulatory trends and that the Bush administration treasured a nationwide surge in proposals for new coal-fired power stations, with a special focus on the Great Lakes region.President Bush wants to dismantle federal environmental safeguards and encourage burning more fossil fuels. He has agreed that older coal fired plants in Michigan and other states want to modernize their plants, but will still avoid improving air pollution controls.With all this, there are some good things about burning coal. Natural gas, which is much more cleaner then coal, has gone up in price. The price has doubled since 1990 and costs four times more to generate then coal so burning coal is more economically feasible for the country. Also, since 1960, particul ate precipitators have been used by U.S. coal-fired plants, which reduce 99.5% of the fly change. Utilities can also collect ash, cinders, and slag and deposit them on coal-plant sites. Coal ash is rich in minerals including large quantities of aluminum and iron, which havent been fully looked into. If the government could really ordain coal-fired plants, these would be great advantages of having them.In conclusion, coal-fired plants are hazardous to human health, animals, and nature especially for those of us living in the Great Lakes region. Instead of thegovernment looking at just the economic advantages of coal, they should also be nidus on what the implications are of producing almost 100 plants in a few states. Canada has already charged that 50% of the pollutants that cause ozone come from the Midwest states so one can only imagine if you actually live in one of these states, what people must be breathing in. The Bush Administration needs to crystallise and fix the Clean- Air Act so that not only do older plants need to modernize, but also they need to be regulated. The Great Lakes are a beautiful region to live and vacation and need to be protected against the air toxins that will be released if all these coal-fired plants are built and un-monitored.BibliographyMcBride, J.P., R.E. Moore, J.P. Witherspoon, R.E. Blanco. Radiological disturb ofAirborne Effluents of Coal and Nuclear Plants. Science Magazine. Dec 8, 1978.Schneider, Keith. The Bush Administration Pushes Dirty Coal Plants. E / TheEnvironmental Magazine. howling(a) 20, 2004.http//www.climateark.org/articles/reader.asp?linkid=34416.Gabbard, Alex. Coal Combustion Nuclear Resource or Danger. NoDate. http//www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/rev26-34/text/colmain.html.No Author. History of Energy. DKospedia, The Free political Encyclopedia.December 21, 2004.No Author. Self-Reported Asthma Prevalence and Control Among Adults UnitedStates, 2001. MMWR Weekly. V.52 May 2, 2003 pg. 381-384.http//www.cdc .gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5217a2.htm.Lilliston, Ben. Poison Power. Conscious Choice. September 1998.http//www.consciouschoice.com/1995-98/cc115/note115.html.